Difference between revisions of "Language and Communication"
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===Language and Mirror Neuron System=== | ===Language and Mirror Neuron System=== | ||
| − | The | + | The [[Human Mirror System|mirror neuron system]] has been suggested to be linked to language by neuroimaging studies which show that areas in the premotor cortex activate both when the individual sees the action performed and when they read a phrase detailing the action.(e.g. biting the banana). EEG studies measuring mu suppression link mirror neuron system response to the clinical observations of |
| + | improvement in social skills and communication therapies for children with ASD when | ||
| + | they involve interaction with parents or siblings.<sup>3</sup> | ||
===Pages related to Language=== | ===Pages related to Language=== | ||
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2. Frye RE et al. '''Receptive language organization in high-functioning autism.'''J Child Neurol. 2009 Feb;24(2):231-6. PMID 19182164 | 2. Frye RE et al. '''Receptive language organization in high-functioning autism.'''J Child Neurol. 2009 Feb;24(2):231-6. PMID 19182164 | ||
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| + | 3. Le Bel RM et. al. '''Motor-auditory-visual integration: The role of the human mirror neuron system in communication and communication disorders.'''J Commun Disord. 2009 Jul-Aug;42(4):299-304. PMID 19419735 | ||
==== Related Information ==== | ==== Related Information ==== | ||
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==== External Resources ==== | ==== External Resources ==== | ||
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* Database links | * Database links | ||
Revision as of 16:03, 12 October 2010
Contents
Basic Characteristics
Those with ASD display a range in language and communication capabilities. Some children with ASD are mute their whole lives, others babble or speak early in life but stop speaking later on, and there are some who display few language deficits (Asperger's Syndrome). Those who are mute sometimes learn to use other communication systems, such as pictures or sign language.
Children with ASD that are only mildly affected by language deficits might still have difficulty holding a conversation despite their large vocabulary. Prognosis for further speech development is poor for most children who have not developed any useful speech by 5, although there have been reported cases of children who acquired speech after 5 years of age. Many research studies used behavioral therapy to teach speech to older children with autism because of the success of popularity of these methods for younger children. Out of 64 studies examined in a meta-analysis, 167 individuals with autism developed speech after 5. Out of those individuals that started speaking after 5 year old, 37 individuals developed speech through behavior analysis methods (out of 27 published studies), 25 children developed speech after being taught American Sign Language (8 studies), 18 children developed speech while attending their school special education program (5 studies), six began speaking after typical speech language therapies, and eleven acquired speech while participating in computer based treatment programs. 1
Neurobiology of Language
Neuroimaging studies using fMRIs have suggested that individuals with autism may process language differently from typically developing individuals. During language task, activation in typical atypical cortical areas are increased, where as activation i abnormally increased or decreased in typical language areas. Both magnetoencephalography and evoked potential studies have shown that those with autism eventually overuse the right hemisphere to process language, though overuse does not happen until adolescence. The pattern of activation is reminiscent of activation patterns in patients with developmental dyslexia. 2
Language and Mirror Neuron System
The mirror neuron system has been suggested to be linked to language by neuroimaging studies which show that areas in the premotor cortex activate both when the individual sees the action performed and when they read a phrase detailing the action.(e.g. biting the banana). EEG studies measuring mu suppression link mirror neuron system response to the clinical observations of improvement in social skills and communication therapies for children with ASD when they involve interaction with parents or siblings.3
References
1. Pickett E et. al. Speech acquisition in older nonverbal individuals with autism: a review of features, methods, and prognosis.Cogn Behav Neurol. 2009 Mar;22(1):1-21. PMID 19372766
2. Frye RE et al. Receptive language organization in high-functioning autism.J Child Neurol. 2009 Feb;24(2):231-6. PMID 19182164
3. Le Bel RM et. al. Motor-auditory-visual integration: The role of the human mirror neuron system in communication and communication disorders.J Commun Disord. 2009 Jul-Aug;42(4):299-304. PMID 19419735
Related Information
- Indicators (dependent variables, conditions, or contrasts; measurement variables used for analysis) associated with this construct (vote or nominate by editing this page):
- Closely related pages (vote or nominate related pages by editing this page):
- CNP Level (What's this?)
- Cognitive Concept
External Resources
- Database links
