Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar Disorder

Basic Characteristics

  • Description

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder marked by periods of elevated or depressed moods also known as manic and depressive episods. These episodes are normally broken up by periods of normal moods. A depressive phase may be marked by feelings of sadness, guilt, anger, isolation, hopelessness, and anger. Disturbances in sleep and appetite along with a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities is also common. A manic phase appears with increased energy and a decreased need for sleep as well as racng thoughts and a tendency to indulgence in substances such as drugs or alcohol. A manic person may be descibed as eupohiric, aggressive, and highly irritable. If a person's mood is alternating rapidly they are experienceing what is known as rapid cycling. In extreme cases psychotic symptoms may appear in the form of delusions or hallucinations. Four subdivisions of the disorder exist: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Bipolar Disorder NOS, and Cyclothymia. Diagnosis is based on self reports and reports from family, friends, and co-workers. Secondary symptoms are observed by professionals such as clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses. The presence and duration of symptoms is also a key component of the diagnosis.

  • History
  • References

MacQueen et al, 2005. The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations PMID 15970930

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