Autism

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Pervasive Developmental Disorders-Not Otherwise Specified

Basic Characteristics

  • Description

Autism is the most prevalent diagnosis given among the disorders in ASD. Like the other disorders in ASD, those diagnosed with autism have deficits in social and communication and show varying degrees of repetitive behaviors.

  • Diagnostic criteria

The diagnostic criteria for autism detailed below are taken from the DSM IV. There are other diagnostic tools that may be used by medical professionals.

DSM IV Diagnostic criteria for Autism

    A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and (3), with at least two from (1), and one each from (2) and (3):
  1. qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
    1. marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
    2. failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental leve
    3. a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest)
    4. lack of social or emotional reciprocity
  2. qualitative impairments in communication as manifested by at least one of the following:
    1. delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime)
    2. in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
    3. stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
    4. lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
  3. restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following:
    1. encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
    2. apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
    3. stereotyped and repetitive motor manners (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
    4. persistent preoccupation with parts of objects


  • History

Treatments

Neuroimaging

Genetics

  • References


Related Information

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  • CNP Level
    • Syndrome

External Resources

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