RELN

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RELN

Reelin pathway PMID 16512351

RELN encodes the protein Reelin and is located on the distal long arm of chromosome 7 at 7q22. This locus has been associated with autism susceptibility. Reelin is a glycoprotein that helps guide brain development.2 During embryological development, Reelin guides neurons and radial glial cells to their final positions in the brain. In the adult brain, Reelin is a part of a signaling cascade that may affect synaptic plasticity, memory processing, and cognition. Results over Reelin's involvement in autism have been conflicting, but those that support this conjecture suggest that a Reelin signaling cascade may be involved.3


Neurobiology

Reelin has a critical role in cortical patterning. It is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that controls neuronal migration, cortical layering, and other things through interactions with lipoprotein receptors. Reelin levels are reduced in post-mortem studies of the brains of patients with autism. Association studies between genetic changes in RELN locus and autism have been conflicting.1






Genetics
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References

1. Pardo, CA et. al. The Neurobiology of Autism.Brain Pathol. 2007 Oct;17(4):434-47. PMID 17919129

2. Fatemi SH. Reelin glycoprotein: structure, biology and roles in health and disease. Mol Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;10(3):251-7. PMID 15583703

3. Fatemi SH. Reelin glycoprotein in autism and schizophrenia.Int Rev Neurobiol. 2005;71:179-87. PMID 16512351